WE REMEMBER AUGUST 30th

We Remember

1939:     FRANCE: With war on the horizon, the government evacuates 16,000 children from Paris. (Jack McKillop)

GERMANY: The British Ambassador to Germany, Sir Neville Henderson, is informed from Britain that Chancellor Adolf Hitler's demand for the arrival of a Polish plenipotentiary that day is unreasonable. Henderson and German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop meet again, and this time come close to blows: Ribbentrop 'gabbles' through Hitler's latest proposals and refuses to give Henderson a copy of the text. A document setting out the German demands in 16 points is prepared. They include: the annexation of Danzig by Germany; a corridor across the Danzig Corridor; a plebiscite to be held in the Corridor area in 12 months time, and a later exchange of populations. The port of Gdynia was to be recognized as Polish, thus leaving Poland with access to the sea. It is not put to the Polish ambassador until 1 September, although they are broadcast over German radio on the evening of the 31st.  (Andy Etherington)
      Tomorrow the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW or High Command of the German Armed Forces) will issue FŸhrer Directive #1 for the Conduct of the War: (i) "The FŸhrer has concluded that all possibilities of peacefully resolving the crisis on Germanyâs eastern frontier have been exhausted and the intolerable situation requires a forceful solution. (ii) The attack on Poland is to be conducted in accordance with the prepared plan ÎCase White,â and is set to begin on 1 September1939. (iii) In the West the responsibility for opening hostilities is to be left unmistakably in the hands of Britain and France. Assurances of neutrality to Switzerland and the Low Countries are to be strictly observed. (iv) If hostilities are opened in the west, Wehrmacht operations should be conducted with the goal of maintaining conditions for successfully concluding the war with Poland. The West Wall will be occupied, a direct FŸhrer order is required for any offensive undertakings. The Kriegsmarin
e (German Navy) will operate against merchant shipping, with England as its focus, and will secure the Baltic Sea. The Luftwaffeâs (German Air Force's) primary role is to protect German targets from enemy air attack, although operations disrupting English deployments to Europe, maritime activity, and particularly opportunities against heavy Royal Navy units should be exploited.  (Marc Roberts)

NEW ZEALAND: The Army mobilizes the Regular Force and Special Reserve and coastal defenses were manned.   (Jack McKillop)

POLAND: Polish Foreign Minister Colonel Josef Beck tells British Ambassador Sir H. Kennard  that Polish mobilisation will resume at midnight. By 1630 hours local. all Polish towns are covered with posters summoning up all men up to the age of 40 to report for enlistment.  (Andy Etherington)
     The Polish Navy sends all four of their destroyers, and a submarine to the UK. Their other four submarines are sent to positions in the western Baltic.  (Alex Gordon)

SWITZERLAND: Henri Guisan is elected by the Swiss Federal Assembly as General. The Swiss Army only elects a General when their neutrality is threatened and Guisan is only the fourth General in Swiss history.  (John Nicholas)

U.K.: Sudden optimism appears on the London Stock Exchange, as Hitler is said to have studied Chamberlain's speech with care. (Andy Etherington)
     Military guards are posted on all railway stations. D-notices (Defence Notices, a unique peacetime arrangement of voluntary suppression of certain categories of information on the advice of the Government) are issued to newspapers, forbidding publication of specified aspects of news. (Andy Etherington)
     A 1730 hours local, a message is sent from the Foreign Office to Berlin, after receiving reports of German sabotage in Poland, "Germany must exercise complete restraint if Poland were to do so as well."  (Andy Etherington)
     The passenger liner RMS Queen Mary sets sail from Southampton for New York City, U.S., on its last commercial voyage. The ship will remain berthed at New York until the end of the year while it was decided what role the ship would play in the war.  (Jack McKillop)

1940:     AUSTRALIA: Convoy US-4 (Australia to the Middle East), consisting of four troopships, sails from Sydney, New South Wales, for the Middle East. The heavy cruiser HMAS Canberra escorts the convoy as far as Colombo, Ceylon.  (Jack McKillop)

FRANCE: The Vichy French government signs the Matsuoka-Henry Pact and yields to Japanese (1) demands for an end to shipments of war material to the Chinese nationalists via the Hanoi, French Indochina - Kunming, China, railway, (2) grants Japanese forces transit rights and access to military facilities in Indochina and (3) the right to station troops in Tokinchina. Japan agrees to recognize continued French sovereignty over Indochina. Vichy reciprocates with formal recognition of Japan’s "pre-eminent" role in the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere. (Jack McKillop)

NORTH SEA: British destroyer HMS Esk (H 15) was one of five minelayers, escorted by three destroyers, operating off the Dutch coast. Based on aerial reconnaissance, the minelayers were ordered to intercept a German force that was believed to be part of an invasion force. One destroyer struck a mine and was badly damaged. Esk went to her assistance and hit a mine and sank immediately about 80 nautical miles (149 kilometers) north-northwest of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in position 53.30N, 3.47E.   (Alex Gordon and Jack McKillop)

ROMANIA: The Arbitration of Vienna transfers half of Romanian Transylvania to Hungary, and part of the province of Dobruja to Bulgaria. Hitler had been concerned that these territorial disputes among the Balkan nations might give the Soviets an opportunity for further intervention.   (John Nicholas and Jack McKillop)

U.K.: German raiders target RAF Biggin Hill in Kent, and important industries in Luton, Bedordshire; and incendiaries are dropped on London. Field Marshall Albert Kesselring, Commander-in-Chief of the 2nd Air Fleet (Luftflotte 2), dispatches small groups of bombers protected by many fighters and crossing the Kent coast from 1300 hours local at around 15,000 feet (4 572 meters) at 20-minute intervals, and largely unplotted because power supplies to radar stations had been cut during morning raids. For over two hours the enemy roamed over south-east England. By 1600 hours local, a huge force of enemy aircraft, probably about 300, is crossing the Kent coast, some heading for distant inland targets. Thirteen RAF fighter squadrons are scrambled to deal with them. 19 Gruppen in total headed for Hawker's at Slough, the Hurricane and Spitfire repair centres at Oxford, for Luton and three vital airfields - North Weald, Kenley and Biggin Hill. The first bombing incidents came at Lambet
h. Casualties totalled 59 killed and 141 injured. Over 60 bombs fell very wide of the target, 18 of them in Whipsnade Zoo in London. RAF Fighter Command: Very heavy bombing of airfields (Lympne, Biggin Hill twice, Detling) and the Vauxhall works at Luton. At night, there is heavy bombing of Liverpool, England's Merseyside. Losses: Luftwaffe, 36; RAF, 26.  (Andy Etherington)

U.S.: The motion picture "Boom Town" is released. Directed by Jack Conway, this romantic adventure drama, based on the story "A Lady Comes to Burkburnett" by James Edward Grant, stars Clark Gable, Spencer Tracy, Claudett Colbert, Hedy Lamarr, Frank Morgan and Chill Wills. The plot has Gable and Tracy going West to get rich in the oil fields. Colbert also goes West to marry Tracy but marries Gable and then the fun starts. The film is nominated for two Academy Awards. (Jack McKillop)

1941:     U.S. The motion picture "Dive Bomber" is released today. Directed by Michael Curtiz and written by Lieutenant Commander Frank "Spig" Wead USN (Retired), this Technicolor drama of Navy pilots stars Errol Flynn, Fred MacMurray, Ralph Bellamy, Alexis Smith, Regis Toomey and Craig Stevens: Gig Young appears in uncredited roles. The plot has Flynn and Bellamy appearing as Flight Surgeons attempting to solve the problem of blackouts at high altitudes but the real stars are the 1941 Navy colorful aircraft. The film is photographed at Eglin Field, Florida, North Field at NAS San Diego and Naval Station San Diego, California and in the aircraft carriers USS Enterprise (CV-6) and USS Saratoga (CV-3). The film is nominated for one Academy Award.  (Jack McKillop)

U.S.S.R.: The German assault on Leningrad begins with the capture of Mga which cuts the last reilroad link between Leningrad and the rest of the USSR. Food and fuel would no longer reach the city in quantities needed for basic survival. (John Nicholas)

1942:     ALEUTIAN ISLANDS: The USN lands 4,500 US troops to occupy Kuluk Bay, Adak Island, amidst a terrific storm and they start building a runway; this airfield, later named Davis AAFld. Adak Island is located about 219 nautical miles (405 kilometers) east of Japanese-held Kiska Island.
     Five USAAF 11th Air Force B-24 Liberators photograph Kiska Island but do not bomb due to overcast, and then fly patrol and photo reconnaissance over Amchitka and Tanaga Islands. P-38 Lightnings fly patrol between Great Sitkin and Little Tanaga Islands. (Jack McKillop)

AUSTRALIA: General Douglas MacArthur, Commander of the Southwest Pacific Area, sends a message to Washington stating ".... as I have previously reporated am not yet convinced of the efficiency of Australian units (at Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea and do not attempt to forecast results." (John Nicholas)

BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO: USAAF B-17 Flying Fortresses of the Allied Air Forces attack shipping in Saint George's Channel between New Ireland and New Britain Islands. (Jack McKillop)

BURMA: Myitkyina, northernmost Japanese supply depot and airfield in Burma, from which fighters could hit Dinjan, India (terminus of the Assam-Burma Ferry), is bombed for the first time by eight China-based B-25 Mitchells of the 10th Air Force's China Air Task Force. (Jack McKillop)

EGYPT: At 2300 hours local, the Germans launch attacks along the whole El Alamein front using the German 21st Panzer Division, the 90th Light Africa Division, the 3d Reconnaissance Unit and two Italian armored divisions. The main attack is against the British XIII Corps on the south while conducting two unsuccessful diversionary thrusts against XXX Corps.  (Jack McKillop)

LIBYA: US Army Middle East Air Force B-24 Liberators bomb docks and jetties in Tobruk harbor.  (Jack McKillop)

LUXEMBOURG: Luxembourg is incorporated into the German Reich as the district of Gau Mosselleland. Gustav Simon, the German appointed civil administrator of Luxembourg, orders the call up of Luxembourgers in the classes of 1920-1924 resulting in a General Strike in Wiltz and Ettelbruck. The strike quickly spreads across the Duchy and Simon declares Martial Law. Industrial workers return to work under threat of execution, 25 leaders are executed, and high school students participating in the strike are deported to Germany for a year.  (Jack McKillop)

NEW GUINEA: On the Kokoda Trail in Papua New Guinea, troops of the Australian 53d Battalion near Abuati are ordered to withdraw to Alola after being unable to get behind the Japanese troops. At 1500 hours local, the 39th Battalion is ordered to withdraw to Eora Creek, about 2 miles (3,2 kilometers) south of Alola. The officer commanding 39th Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Key, was later captured by the Japanese, interrogated and murdered. In Milne Bay, Australian troops continue patrolling and find several Australian dead with their hands tied behind them, arms broken by gunshot wounds and bayonetted.

SOLOMON ISLANDS: At 1400 hours local, 18 "Zeke" fighters (Mitsubishi A6M, Navy Type 0 Carrier Fighters) of the HIJMS Shokaku and HIJMS Zuikaku air groups, temporarily land based at Rabaul on New Britain Island, attack Allied targets. The "Zekes" outmaneuver 8 Marine Fighting Squadron Two Hundred Twenty Three (VMF-223) F4F Wildcats and attack the high speed transport USS Colhoun (APD-2, ex DD-85) wrecking the ship's boats and the after davits and starting a diesel fire from the boat wreckage. The "Zekes" are then intercepted by USAAF P-400 Airacobras of the 67th Fighter Squadron, later joined by the VMF-223 Wildcats; the Americans shoot down five "Zekes" while losing four P-400s. Three F4Fs are written off when they land on Henderson Field, Guadalcanal leaving a total of five Wildcats to defend the island. 
     After this action, the USAAF's P-400s are limited to medium-level interceptions and ground-attack missions. The evaluation of the P-400 by the Commander, Air South Pacific was, "No good at altitude and disheartening to the brave men who fly them." The 67th Fighter Squadron's historian put it this way: "We can't maneuver and dogfight with the Zero -- what good are we? Our enlisted men are risking their lives every day trying to get the planes patched up -- for what? We're just eating up food -- and there's not enough to go around anyway, and using up valuable gasoline -- and the gas supply is getting lower every day. Hell, we can't fight. When the Japs come we're told to 'go on reconnaissance.' What good are we?" In the ground attack role, the P-400 (P-39) will perform much better. The Japanese will give them the nickname of ÒLong Nosed PlanesÓ.
     At 1517 hours local, 18 "Betty" bombers (Mitsubishi G4M, Navy Type 1 Attack Bombers) make an unopposed attack on USS Calhoun scoring a succession of hits on the starboard side which brought down the foremast, blew  two 20 mm guns and one 4-inch (10.1 centimeter gun off the ship, and damage the engineering spaces. Two more direct hits kill all the men in the after deck house. Tank lighters from Guadalcanal rescued the crew, and Calhoun sinks about 2.2 nautical miles (4,1 kilometers) west-northwest of Henderson Field on Guadalcanal in position 09.24S, 160.01E with the loss of 51 men and 18 wounded. Shortly after 1500 hours, shortly before the "Betty" bomber attack, the first sizable aerial reinforcements arrive at Henderson Field in the form of 19 F4F-4 Wildcats of VMF-224 and 12 SBD-3 Dauntlesses of Marine Scout Bombing Squadron Two Hundred Thirty One (VMSB-231). At days end, the Cactus Air Force on Guadalcanal consisted of 86 pilots and 64 aircraft (including three USAAF
  P-400s and ten USN SBDs).   (John Nicholas and Jack McKillop)
     Japanese submarine HIJMS I-19 launches a "Glen" seaplane (Yokosuka E14Y1, Navy Type 0 Small Reconnaissance Seaplane) to reconnoiter Santa Cruz Island.  (Jack McKillop)

U.S.: In baseball, New York Giants'  manager and right fielder Mel Ott collects his 2,500th hit during a 5-5 tie in the second game of a doubleheader with the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field, Chicago. Ott retires from playing after the 1947 season with 2,876 hits but continues managing the Giants through the 1948 season.  (Jack McKillop)

1943:     ATLANTIC OCEAN: German submarine U-634 is sunk about 367 nautical miles (680 kilometers) east-northeast of Lagens Field, Azores Islands in position 40.13N, 19.24W, by depth charges from the RN sloop HMS Stork (L 81) and the corvette HMS Stonecrop (K 142). All hands on the U-boat, 47-men, are lost. (Jack McKillop)

BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO: On New Britain Island, USAAF Fifth Air Force Cape Gloucester Airfield while B-25 Mitchells sweep along the northwest coast, bombing and strafing barges and enemy-occupied villages. (Jack McKillop)

CHINA: Thirteen USAAF Fourteenth Air Force B-25 Mitchells, some with P-40 support, attack Owchihkow and Shihshow, blasting fuel stores and several buildings; the P-40s strafe gun positions outside Shihshow; ten P-38 Lightnings and P-40s on armored reconnaissance from Sinti to Yoyang to Sienning, strafe and bomb several targets of opportunity; three locomotives are exploded and another damaged, a water tank is knocked down, and several railroad stations are heavily damaged. Four other P-40s attack a convoy east of Hong Kong; a freighter is hit amidships, causing heavy damage; two other vessels are also effectively damaged. (Jack McKillop)

FRANCE: The USAAF's VIII Air Support Command in England flies Mission 38: 33 B-26B Marauders bomb an ammunition dump at Foret d'Eperlecques near Saint-Omer, France at 1859 hours without loss. (Jack McKillop)

ITALY: The Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW or High Command of the German Armed Forces) orders Field Marshal Albert Kesselring's forces to occupy Italy if the Badoglio government surrenders.  (Jack McKillop)
     During the day, 35 B-17 Flying Fotresses of the Northwest African Strategic Air Force bomb the airfield at Viterbo while B-25 Mitchells hit the Civitavecchia marshalling yard; B-26 Marauders, escorted by 44 P-38 Lightnings, bomb the Aversa marshalling yard. Northwest African Tactical Air Force medium and light bombers attack marshalling yards at Marina di Cantanzaro and Paola, and gun emplacements and bivouac south of Reggio di Calabria; and A-36 Apaches bomb marshalling yards at Sapri and Lamezia. (Jack McKillop)
     During the night of 30/31 August, 47 RAF Liberators of No. 205 (Heavy Bomber) Group visually bomb the marshalling yard at Civitavecchia.  (Jack McKillop)

MARCUS ISLAND: The USN attacks Marcus Island, located about 900 nautical miles (1 667 kilometers) west-northwest of Wake Island in position 24.06N, 151.21E,  for the second time. Task Force 15, built around the aircraft carriers USS Essex (CV-9), Yorktown (CV-10) and Independence (CVL-22) launch nine strike groups in a day-long attack on Japanese installations, the first strikes by Essex and
Independence Class carriers, and the first combat use of the Grumman F6F Hellcat.  (Jack McKillop)

NEW GUINEA: In Northeast New Guinea, USAAF Fifth Air Force B-24 Liberators pound airstrips in the Wewak are, i.e., Dagua (But East) and But Airstrips (But West), and Tadji Airfield east of Aitape; and A-20 Havocs hit barges on the Bubui River.  (Jack McKillop)

SARDINIA: During the day, Northwest African Strategic Air Force P40s  strafe a radar station at Pula, Sardinia.
     During the night of 30/31 August, two RAF Liberators of No. 205 (Heavy Bomber) Group visually drop leaflets over Sardinia; one aircraft is lost.  (Jack McKillop)

SOLOMON ISLANDS: Twenty four USAAF Thirteenth Air Force B-24 Liberators, along with 20 P-40s and P-39 Airacobras and 20+ USMC F4U Corsairs, pound Kahili Airfield on Bougainville Island. Allied airplanes claim more than 30 Japanese shot down; six US aircraft are lost. (Jack McKillop)

U.S.S.R.: The Soviet Army surges forward in several sectors. Forces driving on Smolensk take Yelnya while others, in the region west of Kursk, overrun Gluchov. Breaking through to the Sea of Azov on the Mius front, Soviet troops take Taganrog.  (Jack McKillop)

1944:     BRAZIL: Lockheed Model 18-10 Lodestar, msn 18-2114, registered PP-PBI by the Brazilian airline Panair do Brasil, crashes in the fog at Sao Paulo. All 16 aboard are killed.  (Jack McKillop)

CANADA: Quebec Premier Maurice Duplessis' Union Nationale Party returns to power in Quebec. Duplessis is the 16th premier of Quebec.   (Jack McKillop)

CAROLINE ISLANDS: A USAAF Seventh Air Force B-24 Liberator on armed reconnaissance from the Mariana Islands bombs Yap Island  In the Palau Islands, Koror and Malakal Islands are bombed by USAAF Fifth and Thirteenth Air Force B-24 Liberators. (Jack McKillop)

CHINA: USAAF Fourteenth Air Force B-25 Mitchells attack Hengyang, Pailochi, and Hankow Airfields, roads in the Nanyo and Changsha areas, and boats between Changsha and Hengyang, and Kichun and Wuhsueh; in the Kweiyi and Sintsiang areas 33 P-40s claim 58 trucks destroyed, 175 damaged, and at least 100 Japanese killed; ten P-51 Mustangs hit scattered targets of opportunity in the same areas; 21 P-40s hit barracks, trucks, and a bridge in the Siangsiang and Siangtan region; and 34 P-40s and P-51s attack a variety of targets, including railroad traffic and facilities, occupied areas, and trucks, at Yangtien, between Hengshan and Nanyo, northeast of Ichang, southwest of Hengshan, and near Hengyang. (Jack McKillop)

FRANCE: French General deGaulle's Provisional French Government is established in Paris. (John Nicholas)
     In northern France, the Canadian 2nd Division captures Rouen after suffering heavy casualties. The British XII Corps advances 25 miles (40 kilometers) to Gournay. The U.S. XIX Corps drives rapidly norhteast against light resistance reaching positions less than 10 miles (16 kilometers) from Beauvais while the VII Corps captures Laon. Elements of the U.S. Third Army continue their assault on Brest while other units drives east toward the Meuse River and towards Verdun.  (Jack McKillop)
     In the air over northern France, about 75 USAAF Ninth Air Force A-20 Havocs and B-26 Marauders bomb a fuel dump near Arques-la-Bataille, Rouxmesnil-Bouteilles, and gun positions around Ile de Cezembre; weather grounds the fighters. (Jack McKillop)
     In southern France, U.S. Seventh Army elements drive through Nice to Beaulieu without opposition.The U.S. VI Corps' next objective is Lyon and the Forces Francaises de l'Interieur (FFI or French Forces of the Interier, i.e., the underground) units within Lyon are alerted to assist the French and U.S. columns when they arrive in the city; and elements of the French Army B captures Nimes and Montpellier.  (Jack McKillop)
     USAAF Eighth Air Force B-17 Flying Fortresses and B-24 Liberators from England bomb eight V-weapon sites using radar: 45 bomb the site at Fiefs, 38 attack Flers, 37 bomb Crepieul, 22 hit Haute Maisnil, 19 bomb Cauche D'Ecques, eight bomb Fleury, five hit Villiers L'Hopital, and four attack Coubronne. Nine bombers also visually bomb a supply dump at Bricy Airfield in Orleans.  (Jack McKillop)

GERMANY: In the afternoon, USAAF Eighth Air Force B-17 Flying Fortresses attack five targets without loss: (1) 327 bomb the Borgward armored fighting vehicle plant in Bremen using H2X radar; (2) 284 hit the Krupp U-Boat shipyard at Kiel; (3) one bombs a target of opportunity at Bassen; (4) one bombs the industrial area in Bremen; and (5) three others attack targets of opportunity.  (Jack McKillop)

ITALY: The Allied commander, British General Sir Harold Alexander, plans a bluff to crack the Germans' Gothic Line and liberate northern Italy. Alexander begins with an attack on the eastern end of the Gothic Line. Next week, Americans will attack the western end in an apparent main assault. The British will then make a second attack in the east. Alexander's three-punch strategy will be a partial success.  (Jack McKillop)
     The British Eighth Army begins an attack on the main defenses of the Gothic Line against stiffening resistance. Two brigades of the First Canadian Corps cross the Foglia River and fight their way through the German Gothic Line toward Rimini.Ê (John Nicholas)

MARSHALL ISLANDS: USAAF Seventh Air Force B-24 LIberators based on while Kwajalein Atoll hit Mille Atoll. (Jack McKillop)

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: USN submarine USS Narwhal (SS-167) lands 10-tons of supplies, two Filipino officers and 18 men in Dubut Bay in eastern Luzon.  (Jack McKillop)

ROMANIA: Ploesti, the center of the Romanian oil industry, falls to troops of the Soviet Second Ukrainian Front.. (John Nicholas)
     A new Romanian regime declares war on Germany.  (Jack McKillop)

YUGOSLAVIA: Heavy bombers of the USAAF Fifteenth Air Force in Italy visually bombs three targets: (1) 78 bomb a railroad bridge at Cuprija; (2) seven bomb the marshalling yard at Novi Sad; and (3) one bombs the marshalling yard at Brod.  (Jack McKillop)

1945:     JAPAN: The occupation of Japan in force begins when the US Army's 11th Airborne Division is flown to Atsugi Airfield and the 4th Marines of the 6th Marine Division lands at Yokosuka naval base. After securing Atsugi Airfield, General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, flies in and sets up a temporary Supreme Allied headquarters at Yokohama. Meanwhile, the USN light cruiser USS San Diego (CL-53) ties up at the Kurihama Naval Base. Aboard the cruiser are Rear Admirals Oscar C. Badger and Robert B. Carney to join Marine Brigadier General William T. Clement for the formal transfer of that important naval facility from Japanese to U.S. control. (Jack McKillop)

U.S.: In Detroit, Michigan, a pale green Super Six coupe rolls off the Hudson Motor Car Company's assembly line, the first post-World War II car to be produced by the auto manufacturer. The Super Six boasted the first modern, high-compression L-head engine, though it garnered its name from the original Hudson-manufactured engine produced in 1916.  (Jack McKillop)
     The motion picture "State Fair" is released. This musical romance directed by Walter Lang, stars Jeanne Crain, Dana Andrews, Dick Haymes, Vivian Blaine, Fay Bainter, Donald Meek, Frank McHugh, Percy Kilbride and Harry Morgan. The plot traces the adventures of the Frale farm family at the Iowa State Fair. The film features classic songs by Richard Rogers and Oscar Hammerstein II including "Our State Fair," "It Might As Well Be Spring," and "It's A Grand Night For Singing." (Jack McKillop)
     In baseball, Stan Hack, Chicago Cubs third baseman, becomes the 82nd player to get 2,000-hits when he singles off Pittsburgh Pirates' pitcher Preacher Roe in the first inning in a game at Forbes Field, Pittsburgh. Hack retires after the 1947 season with 2,193 hits. (Jack McKillop)